You can prove it without arguments involving trigonometric formulas. Draw diagonal segment $BD$. Look at triangle $ABD$. Segments $DF$ and $BE$ are altitudes in that triangle. Hence $G$ is the orthocenter. Thus $AG$ is the third altitude so $AG$ is orthogonal to $BD$. Therefore $\angle \, GAB = \angle \, GDB$. Now, since the quadrilateral $EBCD$ is a rectangle by assumption and construction, $$\angle \, BDE = \angle \, CED = 58^{\circ}.$$ From here, compute angle $\angle \, GDB$: $$\angle \, GDB = \angle \, BDE - \angle \, FDE = 58^{\circ} - 41^{\circ} = 17^{\circ}.$$ This means that $\angle GAB = \angle GDB = 17^{\circ}$.