The `shadow(5)` manual on Ubuntu refers to the `crypt(3)` manual. The `crypt(3)` manual says that the default password encryption algorithm is DES.
It goes on to say that the `glibc2` library function also supports MD5 and at least SHA-256 and SHA-512, but that an entry in `/etc/shadow` for a password encrypted by one of these algorithms would look like `$1$salt$encrypted` (for MD5), `$5$salt$encrypted` (for SHA-256), or `$6$salt$encrypted` (for SHA-512), where each `$` is a literal `$` character, where `salt` is a salt) of up to 16 characters, and where `encrypted` is the actual hash.
Since your encrypted password does not follow that pattern, I'm assuming that it's encrypted using the default DES algorithm.