≈Yes, it's easy to conceptualize at a simple ganglionic circuit. A really good example is (I believe from Kandel's lab)demonstrated by Aplysia's gill withdrawal reflex. Repeated stimulation causes reduced EPSPs in motor neurons that innervate muscles that cause the withdrawal reflex. However when you apply a electric shock to the tail, the snail will immediately regain withdrawal reflex sensitivity. The tail sensory neuron response activates the serotonergic facilatory interneurons which have multiple IO with sensory and motor neurons.
And don't forget, interneurons can inhibit other interneurons leading to disinhibition.
For most LTP work you're probably ok using Hebbian models. Make sure to keep in mind that in more complex systems like cortical circuits. there are some modes of communication that don't always play well with Hebb's Laws: gliotransmission, retrograde transmission, neuropeptides/GPCRs, and activation of perisynaptic receptors/receptors on adjacent cells.