Try this:
sed -i -e "s/headers\['Content-Disposition'\] = \"attachment; filename=%s\" % (filename)/headers\['Content-Disposition'\] = 'attachment; filename=\"%s\"' % (filename)/g" test.txt
Try this:
sed -i -e "s/headers\['Content-Disposition'\] = \"attachment; filename=%s\" % (filename)/headers\['Content-Disposition'\] = 'attachment; filename=\"%s\"' % (filename)/g" test.txt