This sounds like _**The Season Clock**_ (1986) by Valerie Littlewood and Michael Foreman, published by Viking Books for Young Readers. The publisher’s description on Amazon matches the details in your post:
> When Father Time’s apprentice tampers with the Season Clock, Spring and Summer are captured and imprisoned in the Season Catcher’s castle.
The German translation was published by Verlag Herder as _**Peter und die Jahreszeiten**_. This is the cover, in case it jogs your memory:
![Brass gears and clock mechanisms surrounded by tree roots. A boy wearing a red onesie with green trimmings is pulling on a lever. At his feet is a grey rabbit-like animal with shiny scales.](