Recall that permutation matrices have the property that $P^{-1} = P^T$, so we can re-arrange the factorization to write $A$ in the form $A = P^TLUQ^T$. After that, it is straightforward to solve:
$\begin{align} Lz &= Pb \\\ Uy &= z \\\ x &= Qy \\\ \end{align}$
Note that $Q$ can't be just "ignored" because it is a "column permutation". It is a column permutation by virtue of how it is used (right-multiplication), not by virtue of the structure of the matrix, and it _does_ have an effect when applied to a column vector with left-multiplication.