As indicated by Stuart F. in a comment, it seems likely that Darwin was making an allusion to the difficulty of the book and how that might translate to it having more substance and value. A young child, or an invalid, may be given watered-down food and drink to make it easier to digest, which will require a larger volume for the given nutritive value. Similarly, a concept can be delivered in a "watered-down" manner, with the same benefit and drawback.
The allusion to "one whose name is well-known" is referring to the literature, namely the idea that much of the public may prefer the "watered-down" text, but if the person who is writing it is well-known, they may do the extra work to try to digest the material in question, especially if it allows them to requote it to look smart, the unintelligibility there being useful because it others, hearing them, may not immediately understand, and therefore assume that the speaker must be intelligent if they understand it.