If $K$ was not bounded then for every $n \in \mathbb{N}$ you had an $x_n \in K$ with $\vert x_n \vert > n$. Then the sequence $(x_n)_n$ would be diverging to $\infty$ and thus had no convergent subsequence. If $K$ was not closed then there would be an $x \in \bar{K}\setminus K$ and for every $n \in \mathbb{N}$ you had an $x_n \in K$ with $\vert x_n -x \vert < \frac 1 n$. Then the sequence $(x_n)_n$ would be converging to $x$ and so would every subsequence. But since $x \
otin K$ there would be no convergent subsequence with limit in $K$.