"Except" in predicate logic I have a phrase that I am trying to translate into predicate logic. The phrase is as follows: All lions except old ones roar So far I have written down that: $∀x((L(x) \land \lnot O(x)) \to R(x))$ Where $L(x)$ is "$x$ is a lion", $O(x)$ is "$x$ is old", and $R(x)$ is "$x$ roars". I am wondering if this is correct notation. I am mostly confused about the "except" in the phrase because as I have translated states that all lions who are not old roar. Does any one have any thoughts about the notation for this phrase?

∀x(L(x)∧¬O(x)→R(x))
says all lions that are not old roar.

To render the except requires more:
∀x(L(x)∧¬O(x)→R(x)) ∧ ∀x(L(x)∧O(x)→¬R(x))