Quantity of toxin release by pathogen in host I came across these lines from this paper: > Pathogenic microbes exert a broader sphere of influence by releasing a bolus of toxin that can act upon many cells within a given tissue and/or diffuse away to modulate one or more types of cells at multiple locations within the host. What does this line mean? Does it mean that the pathogen releases multiple types of toxins or does it mean that the pathogen releases just one type of toxin in a large quantity?

As I commented, a bolus is a single (often large) dose of a drug or compound given (released) all at once. Please read the very next sentence after the one you quoted:

> For example, the lethal and edema toxins of _Bacillus anthracis_ disseminate within the host bloodstream and act upon both immune and nonimmune cells.

This gives an example of a pathogen releasing multiple toxins, although there are other pathogens such as _Clostridium tetani_ which release a bolus that consists of only one toxin. So, it can be one or the other.