Formal systems for physical theory Are there any attempt to express a part of physical theory, for example, Newtonian mechanics, in the form of a formal system such as first-order or higher-order predicate logic?

This is, essentially, Hilbert's sixth problem:

> Mathematical Treatment of the Axioms of Physics. The investigations on the foundations of geometry suggest the problem: To treat in the same manner, by means of axioms, those physical sciences in which already today mathematics plays an important part; in the first rank are the theory of probabilities and mechanics.