> Is there an argument like `--install-dir=/usr/local/bin` or `--filename=composer` to also run Composer directly when installation ends, thus redunding the need for `&&` or `;`?
Running `./composer-setup.php --help` lists the supported options, and shows that there’s nothing to implement what you’re after.
There’s nothing wrong with running separate commands, that’s what shell scripts are for. There is however a difference between separate lines and `&&`, which is that `&&` ensures that `composer` is only run if the download and installation succeeded. You can achieve the same effect with `set -e` (which comes with a number of caveats in some environments, but nothing applicable to you as far as I know).
If you really want to minimise your command line, you can run
curl -sS | php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer && composer
but I always recommend keeping a copy of downloaded installers.