Yes, that would be one way to do it:
$Soc(M)\subset Soc(E(M))$ since the simple submodules of $M$ are again simple submodules of $E(M)$.
And since you know the characterization of the socle as the intersection of essential submodules, and you know that essentiality is transitive, $Soc(M)\supseteq Soc(E(M))$.
It's even easier to reason directly that every simple submodule of $E(M)$ is a simple submodule of $M$. For if $S$ is a simple submodule of $E(M)$, we have immediately $M\supseteq S\cap M=S$ since $M\subseteq_e E(M)$.