$1(t-t_0)$ is simply the step function, also denoted $u(t-t_0)$. $1(t)$ means $u(t-t_0)$ with $t_0=0$.
!Step function
Its value is $0$ before $t_0$, and $1$ after $t_0$. More info on Wikipedia.
The $1(t)$ is the unit step function and the $f(t)$ is just some other function and when multiplied they can represent some variable signal starting at time $t_0$.