The Swiss Army knife of Miller is the put verb - which gives you access to an entire domain specific language for transforming your data. From there there are several approaches:
* matching and capturing the domain portion of the URL with a regular expression
* trimming the leading and trailing components using regular expressions
* splitting the URL as a delimited string
So for example
mlr --mmap --csv --skip-comments --headerless-csv-output put -S '
$URL =~ "https?://([^/]+)"; $Domain = "\1"
' then cut -f Domain file.csv
or
mlr --mmap --csv --skip-comments --headerless-csv-output put -S '
m = splitnvx($URL,"/"); $Domain = m[3]
' then cut -f Domain file.csv