Relating that polynomial to your own example, we can understand $(1+x^5+x^9)^{100}$ as follows:
> There are $9$ each of $100$ kinds of objects. The ordinary enumerator for selecting none or five or all nine of the objects of that kind is $(1+x^5+x^9)^{100}$.
Here's another interpretation:
> Consider three-sided dice whose faces have $0$, $5$, or $9$ pips, and roll $100$ such dice. Then the coefficient of $x^k$ in $(1+x^5+x^9)^{100}$ is the number of ways to get a total of $k$.