We were able to solve it by starting the shell in secure mode and executing the following commands.
apt-get update
apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-all
apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
apt-get install ubuntu-minimal
apt-get install xorg xserver-xorg
apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-evdev //I think this packet was the problem
apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-vmware
reboot