$ sed 's/\<[0-9]\>/0&/' ./infile
201103 01 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SOMETHING
201102 07 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SOMETH ING
201103 11 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SO METHING
201104 03 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SOMET HING
201106 01 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SOMETHI NG
$ sed 's/\<[0-9]\>/0&/' ./infile
201103 01 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SOMETHING
201102 07 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SOMETH ING
201103 11 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SO METHING
201104 03 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SOMET HING
201106 01 /mnt/hdd/PUB/SOMETHI NG