!Duncehat
I think you have the figure for the Dunce Hat wrong, see above, where all the arrows have the label $a $, say. So you have one $1$-cell, giving $S^1$, and one $2$-cell attached by a map described by $a+a-a$, which gives a group with one generator $a$ and one relation $a+a-a=a$.
Your figure would give the group with generator $a$ and relation $a^3$, as said by others.
The figure is taken from [Topology and Groupoids. ]