Judging from the text in the next section down (which talks about `--stats`, but which also mentions "the deduplicated size"), this is how much is actually added to the backup repository:
> When using `--stats`, you will get some statistics about how much data was added - the “This Archive” deduplicated size there is most interesting as that is how much your repository will grow.
I am not a BorgBackup user, so I don't have the means of testing this readily available, but it strikes me as something that ought to be fairly easy to test by just running two backups back-to-back, one first and then another with one large file duplicated (so that the backup contains a known duplicated set of data).