What is the difference between Jihen (事変) and Jiken (事件)? I tried to look up and found some interesting stuff: 1. This book called _Pacific War and the Importance of 'Magic'_ by Keiichiro Komatsu mentions that means an event and thus is adequately translated as incident and means emergency, something more serious and just an event. (Source: Origins of the Pacific War and the Importance of 'Magic’) 2. I also found a comment made by an user Akira Takizawa on axis history forums: _China Incident is not Jiken, but Jihen. Jihen has a meaning of the armed clash without declaring the war in Japanese._ (Source: Incident as a special Japanese term for a war?) Can anyone throw some more light on this?

is "insurgence", "rebellion" or "coup" that threaten a government, but it also refers to an armed conflict between nations that is "not officially an act of war". Either way, it's an outdated word mainly used to refer to certain historical events like ones listed here. In modern Japanese, other words including , and are usually chosen.

is a much smaller word meaning "(criminal) case".