Quick release pedals as you describe do exist. They are often marketed in Japan as "Rinko" pedals as they were developed to as part of the Japanese tradition taking apart full size bikes for transport on trains:
, they branded them with the "EZY" moniker.
![Example Rinko peda](
They also make an assortment of flat and clipless pedals to interface with the quick release mount
![enter image description here](
![enter image description here]( ![enter image description here](