Your command also works, you need to add a `*` or `+` to it:
$ grep -oP 'B.\K[\w\s\d]+' tus.txt | sort -u
00081684
00081907
00082024
00082025
00082403
00082603
222791885833
2239681
262105589241
36
4578873831221
Or, more simply:
$ grep -oP 'B\*\K[^*]*' tus.txt | sort -u
00081684
00081907
00082024
00082025
00082403
00082603
222791885833
2239681
262105589241
36
4578873831221
Or, use `awk` to print the penultimate `*`-separated field:
$ awk -F'[*]' '{print $5}' tus.txt | sort -u
00081684
00081907
00082024
00082025
00082403
00082603
222791885833
2239681
262105589241
36
4578873831221