The width of a fret whose number is $n$ is given by
\begin{align} d(n)-d(n-1)&=\left(s-\frac{s}{2^{\frac{n}{12}}}\right)-\left(s-\frac{s}{2^{\frac{n-1}{12}}}\right)\\\ &= \frac{s}{2^{\frac{n}{12}}}\left(2^{\frac{1}{12}}-1\right). \end{align}
Thus, the percentage width, relative to the length of the string, is given by
\begin{align} \frac{d(n)-d(n-1)}{s}\times100&=\frac{\left(2^{\frac{1}{12}}-1\right)}{2^{\frac{n}{12}}}\times100. \end{align}