I've poked and prodded around and here's what I've found:
1. The issue is not reproducible under `Xnest`.
2. After playing with DPI and choosing a sufficiently low value the issue goes away, however everything else starts looking unnatural, so I cannot change the system-wide DPI value.
3. I've tried to find ways to apply DPI to a single application but nothing has shown up.
I've realized it has something to do with Google Chrome thinking that I have a high DPI display even though I do not.
Luckily, I've discovered an option `--force-device-scale-factor=1` which fixed the issue immediately.