if you just want to associate them directly, and not make them default, you can add them to
/usr/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
(system-wide), or
~/.local/share/applications/mimeinfo.cache
(per-user).
edit: using `xdg-mime`, as geekosaur suggests, might perhaps be more robust. In this case, you would want
> `xdg-mime install [--mode mode] [--novendor] mimetypes-file`
>
> Adds the file type descriptions provided in `mimetypes-file` to the desktop environment. `mimetypes-file` must be a XML file that follows the freedesktop.org Shared MIME-info Database specification and that has a mime-info element as its document root. For each new file type one or more icons with name major-minor must be installed with the `xdg-icon-resource` command in the mimetypes context. For example the `application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text` filetype requires an icon by the name of `application-vnd.oasis.opendocument.text` to be installed.