The quadratic form associated to $F$ is $x^TAx$ and since $A$ is symmetric by spectral theorem $A$ can be diagonalized by a basis of orthogonal eigenvectors $v_1,v_2,v_3$ that is
$$M=[v_1\,v_2\,v_3] \implies x=My\quad M^{-1}=M^T$$
and then
$x^TAx=(My)^TA(My)=y^TM^TAMy=y^T(M^{-1}AM)y=y^TDy=\lambda_1y_1^2+\lambda_2y_2^2+\lambda_3y_3^2$
which is the canonical form.