Yes, you can! The operation which consists in approximating the field values $u(t)$ by knowing the cell averages $\bar{u}(t)$ is called _reconstruction_ , and is classically based on interpolation. Thus, a method of lines \begin{equation} \frac{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial t} = F(u(t)) \end{equation} rewrites as \begin{equation} \frac{\partial \bar{u}}{\partial t} = L(\bar{u}(t)) \, , \end{equation} where the operator $L$ combines $F$ and a reconstruction procedure.
For example, ENO and WENO finite-volume methods combine a Runge-Kutta method and a reconstruction procedure, in order to achieve high-order integration (see e.g. Shu, 2009).