It's not clear exactly what shapes you want for your family of functions, but here is one family of functions that will capture the qualitative type of variability you want, and matches your given shape nicely e.g. for $\alpha = 3$:
$$f(x) = A \cdot \hbox{sign}(\cos Dx) \cdot |\cos (Dx)|^{\alpha}$$
where $A$ controls the height, $D$ controls the overall width of each cycle ($B + C$ in your diagram), and $\alpha > 0$ controls how big $B$ is compared to $C$. Try values of $\alpha$ like $0.25,0.5,1,2,3$ and make plots and you'll see what you can get. Hopefully the types of shapes are to your liking; these plots definitely have the property though that you get tradeoff between $B$ and $C$ as you vary $\alpha$, and controlling $A$ is trivial as it just requires a constant multiplier.