$M_n(D)$ is semisimple, so every module $M$ over $M_n(D)$ is a direct sum of simple modules. Both Noetherian and Artinian are equivalent to $M$ being a _finite_ direct sum of simple modules.
To see this, suppose $M= \bigoplus_{i=1}^nM_i$ where each $M_i$ is simple. Then we can write down a composition series for $M$, where we repeatedly mod out a single simple summand.
If $M = \bigoplus_{i \in I} M_i$ where each $M_i$ is non-zero and $I$ is infinite, then we can take an infinite sequence of elements $i_1, i_2, \dots$ in $I$ and we have an ascending chain $M_{i_1} \subset M_{i_1}\oplus M_{i_2} \subset \dots$ and an infinite descending chain $M \supset \bigoplus_{i \in I\setminus\\{i\\}}M_i \supset \bigoplus_{i \in I \setminus \\{i_1, i_2\\}}M_i \supset$.
The above observation is a step in the proof of a more general result by Hopkins and Levitzki.