We can write A as $C\cup (A - C)$ and we can express the integral as $\int_A \chi_{C} = \int_C \chi_{C} \ + \int_{A-C}\chi_{C}$.
By the definition of $\chi_{C}$, we have that $\chi_{C}=0$ on $A-C$, so the second integral of the sum is zero. Then $\int_A \chi_{C} = \int_C \chi_{C} = v(C)$. Which is zero because C has measure zero (or alternatively we can show by the definition that $v(C)$ is less than $\epsilon$ for every $\epsilon > 0$