Hair does not grow back thicker when it is cut. This is somewhat of an optical illusion because when you shave with a razor it leaves the top of the hair flat rather than pointed so it appears thicker. For instance see this picture:
!Hair being cut
As you can see the hair is tapered at the top and when cut loses this taper to leave a large cross-sectional area. I would say that for your question with with the trimmer that it is probably cutting the hair further up the taper where the hair is 'thinner' to begin with. A razor cuts closer to the base and thus gives a thicker appearance.
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