The use of "data" in mathematics is quite old. Oxford English Dictionary has a quote from 1645: T. Urquhart Trissotetras 53
> The verticall Angles, according to the diversity of the three Cases being by the foresaid Datas thus obtained.
I would suspect that its use in Latin is much older (as well as the use of the equivalent Greek term). What does Euclid use for what is "given" in a geometric construction?