How do plants intake minerals through their leaves? How do plants intake the fertilizer when it is sprayed all over the leaf surface as a foliar feed?

They absorb minerals through pores in the leaves known as stomata, this is some what similar to the way a medicine patch is absorbed on human skin except for the fact that the human skin has sweat pores instead of stomata.

Here is a animation of them opening and closing on a tomato plant provided by Wikipedia:

sources:

> A nice review by Wocjik (2004) (from the comments)
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