Credit to Bruno9779 for the original draft of this answer. Not sure why it was self-deleted, as it was a pretty good answer:
You have pretty much done it yourself:
destinationDir="/destination/path/here/"
if cd "$destinationDir"; then
for file in *.csv; do
# run executable on "$file" and output
executable "$file" standard.csv > "${destinationDir}/output_${file}.csv"
done
else
echo "Unable to change to working directory."
fi
Just remember to quote filenames with variables.