Well the first difference would be that `switchport block unicast` blocks unknown unicast and `storm-control multicast` blocks multicast packets.
The difference between `switchport block XXXcast` and `storm-control XXXcast` is exactly what you want to exclude in your question. You can pick any percent value for `storm-control`. It will block traffic of the specified type which exceeds this percentage of bandwidth on the port. `switchport block` is a simple yes/no. It blocks everything when activated.
**Update:**
As ytti mentioned, on some low-end boxes when `storm-control multicast` is exceeded all traffic will get filtered. In that case `storm-control multicast` is dangerous and useless.
Also on high-bandwidth interfaces (1/10GE) please remember that even a small percentage of the bandwidth can kill a box that punts the packets to the CPU. If possible use CoPP to protect the control plane. Also always use pps instead of bps for CoPP if possible.