Artificial intelligent assistant

Art of computer programming 1.2.9 D I was carefully reading section 1.2.9 subsection D: Change of z in a generating function. I don't understand the premises and Knuths reasoning in the marked paragraphs. First 2 paragraphs I can prove myself. !enter image description here

The part you can read is a special case of the part you're having trouble with. In the part you can read, omega (the script w looking thing) is a square root of 1, which is 1 or -1. (Both of them can be written as complex numbers as well, 1+0i and -1+0i.) In the two equations labeled (12), he's using these two roots (1 and -1) to extract the odd and even terms (m=2 in this case, so n mod m = r where r is 0 for even and 1 for odd).

There are 3 complex cube roots of unity: 1, -1/2 + (sqrt(3)/2)i, and -1/2 - (sqrt(3)/2)i. In his example, he uses a complex cube root to extract every third term starting at 1.

The wikipedia page on roots of unity might be helpful, especially the two pictures which show the 3rd and 5th roots of unity on a unit circle in the complex plane.

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