Replacing $R$ by its value,
$$2^{1/3}=(2^{1/3}/2\phi)(\sqrt{1+8\phi^3/2}-1),$$
$$2\phi=\sqrt{1+4\phi^3}-1,$$
$$(2\phi+1)^2=1+4\phi^3,$$
$$\phi^2+\phi=\phi^3,$$ which is right. You can backtrack.
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If you want to solve from scratch, let $s:=1/R$ and
$$2^{4/3}s+1=\sqrt{1+8s^3},$$
$$8s^3-2^{8/3}s^2-2^{7/3}s=0.$$
Simplify by $4s$ and solve the quadratic equation.