On many systems you can find a compressed kernel in `/boot`, typically named `vmlinuz-$(uname -r)`. The ELF executable contained therein can be extracted using the `extract-vmlinux` script, available in the kernel source code:
extract-vmlinux /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r) > vmlinux
The result is an ELF file:
$ file vmlinux
vmlinux: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=b28d236fad2fb7d0eb9bbe6eac766fb04406da3f, stripped
(on x86-64).
If you’re building the kernel,
make vmlinux
will produce the ELF executable.