As mentioned in comment you can use:
read -t 1 -n 1 key
which because of `-t` option we can remove `sleep`, so your script could be:
#!/bin/bash
for ((i=0; i<100; i++)); do
read -t 1 -n 1 key
if [ "$key" = "k" ]; then
i=$((i + 10))
fi
echo $i
done
But I think more portable could be:
#!/bin/bash
if [ -t 0 ]; then stty -echo -icanon -icrnl time 0 min 0; fi
keystroke=''
i=0
while [ $i -lt 100 ]; do
keystroke="$(dd bs=1 count=1 2>/dev/null)" #
if [ "$keystroke" = "k" ]; then
i=$(( i + 10 ))
elif [ "$keystroke" = "q" ]; then
break
fi
i=$(( i + 1 ))
echo $i
sleep 1
done
if [ -t 0 ]; then stty sane; fi
exit 0