Yes, the whole surface is visible.
You can make the sponge by starting with a cube and then drilling out a square segment form all three sides. Then you take a smaller drill and repeat the process 3*8 times and so on.
Since all you do is drilling holes, the question simplifies to _"can you see the entire inner surface of a straight pipe when looking at it from one end?"_
The answer to it is obviously 'yes' even though the viewing angles will become infinitesimally small.
Edit:
We can probably generalize this for other shapes and higher dimensions like this:
"For a set $S$ Every point on its surface $\partial S$ can be viewed from the outside of the convex hull of $S$ if the set complementary to $S$ can be constructed from the union of straight lines (of infinite length and of which there are infinitely many)"
This still does not cover all possible shapes, like a hourglass, but it works for the Menger Sponge, Cantor Dust and similar fractals