(posting as community wiki instead, thanks to the contributions in the comments)
It is mentioned in the book From Bash to Z Shell (Chapter 8, Page 186, " _Generating Numbers with Braces_ ") that this syntax is borrowed from Perl.
In addition, it is also suggested that Pascal had the `..` range notation dating back as far back as _1970_ (emphasis mine) ("The Programming Language Pascal", Section 6.1.2, Page 17 of the linked PDF).
In conclusion, even the Wikipedia link from the question stated some examples where `..` is used. The _assumption_ that an ellipsis is strictly defined as a sequence of three dots, as it is as a punctuation mark, does not hold true here.