Yes, he gave the talk, and the translation is authentic.
A blog post [TRANSCRIPT: [Putin at] Meeting of the Valdai International Discussion Club [partial transcript]]( has a transcript matching the clip which was tweeted, and says that it's from the Valdai International Discussion Club, and was given on 19 September 2013. It gives a link to the YouTube video Broadcast: Vladimir Putin's Speech at the Valdai Club's Plenary Meeting.
The Wikipedia article on Valdai International Discussion Club gave < as its official home page, and it in turn links to < , the uploader of the video.
The BBC has an article about this speech: Russia's Putin shines at Valdai summit as he castigates West. The bottom half discusses the content referred to in the tweet.