You need to finish the `s` command with a final `/`:
sed -E 's/native_transport_port:\s9042/native_transport_port:\s9080/'
While I'm at it, `\s` doesn't mean anything special in the replacement section, it becomes `s`; so you should do
sed -E 's/native_transport_port:\s9042/native_transport_port: 9080/'
or, if you want to reproduce the whitespace as-is,
sed -E 's/(native_transport_port:\s)9042/\19080/'
which re-uses the matched text in the replacement.
If your `sed` doesn't support Perl-style `\s`, you can match on space instead:
sed 's/native_transport_port: 9042/native_transport_port: 9080/'