This type of is found often in fictional works and adds a "symbolic title" to the modified word. Similar examples:
* (The Statue of Liberty)
* (Attack on Titan)
* (Fullmetal Alchemist)
* (Blue Exorcist)
* (Demon Slayer)
Official English translations are included in parentheses. As you can see, this construction is not always translated "literally" into English. If there was a weapon whose official name is , then it could be translated as "Rage Keyblade", "The Keyblade of Rage" or something like that. However that's not the case in your sentence. Since this seems to refer to someone's keyblade who happens to be in a fury, "the keyblade of rage" might sound too grandiose, and "the keyblade's rage" seems to be a possible translation to me.