Another method is using the inequality
$$\sin(x)\leq x$$
Integrate this between $0$ and $t$
$$-\cos(t)+\cos(0)\leq t^2/2$$ $$1-t^2/2\leq \cos(t)$$
Integrate this between $0$ and $x$:
$$x-x^3/3!\leq \sin(x)$$
Repeat this and you will get a lower and upper bound, which are just partial sums of the Taylor series. Note that you directly get the taylor series for $\cos(x)$.