I assume that the atlas on $M$ is maximal. Let $m$ be a point of $M$.
Take any local chart $(V,g)$ at $m$. Then $g(V)$ is a non empty open set in ${\mathbb R}^n$. Hence $g(V)$ contains an open ball $B$ with center $g(m)$, which is diffeomorphic to ${\mathbb R}^n$ via an diffeomorphism $\phi:B\to {\mathbb R}^n$.
Now, if $U$ is $g^{-1}(B)$ and $f=\phi\circ g$, $(U,f)$ is a local chart at $m$ on $M$, and $f(U)={\mathbb R}^n$.