Imagine the 2-cell we are attaching to the point as a circular piece of paper.
Now try folding the edges of the piece of paper inwards so that the boundary collapses into a single point - sort of as if you are wrapping it around a ball, but without the ball being there.
You can't do this with real paper without it crumpling or tearing, but you can at least imagine conceptually being able to do it.
Now, when we attach a 2-cell to a point, we can visualise it as doing this "folding" to collapse the boundary to a single point and sticking it all together - and I hope it's clear that the result is indeed a 2-sphere!