Let the eigenvalues of $A$ are $\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_k$. That implise, that $A^n$ has the eigenvalues $\lambda_1^n, \dots, \lambda_k^n$.
If some of $\lambda_i^n =1$, that implies $\lambda_i$ is the $n$-th root of unity.
Let the eigenvalues of $A$ are $\lambda_1, \dots, \lambda_k$. That implise, that $A^n$ has the eigenvalues $\lambda_1^n, \dots, \lambda_k^n$.
If some of $\lambda_i^n =1$, that implies $\lambda_i$ is the $n$-th root of unity.