First note that $G$ must be connected, so it is sufficient to show that two adjacent vertices have the same degree. Let $x$ and $y$ be two adjacent vertices, with common neighbour $v$.
We define a mapping $f:N(x)\to N(y)$ as follows:
$f(y)=x$
$f(v)=v$
$f(t)$ is the unique common neighbour of $t$ and $y$ different from $x$ when $t\in N(x)-y-v$.
We show that $f$ is injective. The only nontrivial part is to show that $f(s)\
e f(t)$ for different $s,t\in N(x)-v-y$. Suppose $f(s)=f(t)=u$. Then $u$ and $x$ have three common neighbours, $s,t,y$. Contradiction.
By symmetry and the finiteness of our sets, $f$ must be bijective, which settles the case.
I am not sure if this classifies as neat and compact.